一, Babban kayan aiki na layin watsa wutar lantarki:

Layin watsa wutar lantarki kayan aiki ne na wuta wanda ke amfani da insulators da kayan aikin da suka dace don dakatar da madugu da sama.

kasa wayoyi a kan sanduna da hasumiyai, haɗa tashoshin wutar lantarki da tashoshin wutar lantarki, da cimma manufar watsa wutar lantarki.Yana da yafi

hada da madugu, saman ƙasa waya, insulator, hardware, hasumiya, tushe, grounding na'urar, da dai sauransu.

1. Conductor: aikinsa shine isar da makamashin lantarki.Mai gudanar da layin zai kasance yana da kyawawa mai kyau, isasshiyar inji

ƙarfi, juriya gajiyawar jijjiga da juriya ga lalata najasa sinadarai a cikin iska.Ya zama nau'in madugu da aka haɗe

wanda ya ƙunshi madugu biyu ko huɗu a kowane lokaci.

2. Wayar ƙasa ta sama: galibi ana amfani da ita don kariyar walƙiya.Saboda garkuwar sama da waya ta ƙasa zuwa madugu da kuma

haɗakarwa tsakanin madugu da waya ta ƙasa, ana iya rage damar walƙiya kai tsaye ta buga madubin.Yaushe

walƙiya ta afka cikin hasumiya, ana iya karkatar da ɓangaren wutar lantarki ta hanyar wayar ƙasa ta sama, ta haka ta rage saman hasumiya.

m da inganta walƙiya jure matakin.Wayar da ke kan ƙasa yawanci igiyar ƙarfe ce mai galvanized.A halin yanzu, mai kyau

Ana amfani da magudanar ruwa irin su karfen bakin karfe na aluminium da madaurin karfen aluminium don rage yawan karfin wutar lantarki.

da kuma sakandare arc halin yanzu idan akwai asymmetric short circuit.Za a yi amfani da na'urar haɗaɗɗun kebul na sama da ƙasa waya ga waɗanda ke da

aikin sadarwa.

3. Insulator: Yana nufin abin da yake gyarawa da kuma dakatar da conductor a kan hasumiya.Insulators gama gari don layin watsa wutar lantarki

sun haɗa da: insulator na diski, insulator na gilashin diski da sandar dakatar da insulator.

(1) Fayil ain insulator: insulator na gida yana da babban lalacewa, wanda ke buƙatar gano ƙimar sifili da nauyi.

kiyayewa.A yayin da yajin walƙiya da ƙazantar ƙazanta, yana da sauƙin haifar da faɗuwar igiyoyi, wanda ya ƙare.

(2) Injin gilashin diski: Yana da fashewar darajar sifili, amma fashewar kai yana da ƙasa sosai (yawanci da yawa dubu goma).Babu dubawa

ana buƙata don kulawa.Idan akwai fashewar kai da gilashin zafin jiki, ragowar ƙarfin injinsa har yanzu ya kai fiye da 80% na

karya karfi, kuma har yanzu ana iya tabbatar da amincin aikin layin.Idan aka yi tashe-tashen hankula da ƙazantar ƙazanta, ba za a yi ba

sarkar drop hatsari.An yi amfani da shi sosai a wuraren najasa na Grade I da II.

(3) sandar dakatarwa hada insulator: yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga mai kyau anti gurbatawa flashover yi, haske nauyi, high inji

ƙarfi, ƙarancin kulawa, da sauransu, kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin Grade III da sama da wuraren gurɓata.

4. Hardware

Ana iya raba kayan aikin layin watsa wutar lantarki zuwa: nau'in matsawa, kayan haɗin haɗi, kayan haɗin haɗi, kayan aikin kariya da ja waya

kayan aiki bisa ga babban aikin su da amfani.

(1) Nau'in matsa: matsawar dakatarwa: ana amfani da shi don gyara madubin a kan igiyar insulator na tangent sandar da hasumiya, ko rataya

saman ƙasa waya a kan saman ƙasa goyon bayan igiyar tangent da hasumiya.

Matsa matsi: ana amfani da shi don gyara madugu ko sama da waya ta ƙasa akan igiyar insulator don anga.Akwai nau'i uku

na iri clamps, wato: nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na nau'i;Nau'in matsawa matsa lamba;Matsa tsini.Nau'in nau'in nau'in Bolt: ana amfani dashi don gyarawa

madugu ta tasirin gogayya da aka haifar ta hanyar matsi na tsaye na dunƙule U-dimbin yawa da tsagi mai kauri na matsa.Nau'in matsawa

tashin hankali matsa: ya hada da aluminum tube da karfe anga.Ana amfani da anga na ƙarfe don haɗawa da kuma ɗaure tsakiyar ƙarfe na ƙarfe

cored aluminum strand, sa'an nan kuma rufe aluminum tube jiki don yin karfe roba nakasawa ta hanyar matsa lamba, sabõda haka, waya matsa.

sannan ana hada madugu gaba daya.Lokacin da ake amfani da matsa lamba na hydraulic, za a yi amfani da ƙirar ƙarfe tare da daidaitattun ƙayyadaddun bayanai

don matsawa tare da latsawa na hydraulic.Lokacin da ake amfani da matsi mai fashewa, matsewar waya da madugu (wayar ƙasa sama) na iya zama

an matse shi cikin gaba ɗaya ta hanyar matsi na farko ko fashewar fashewar na biyu.

Matsa kai: ana amfani da shi don shigar da madaidaicin karfe da ɗaure waya ta kan ƙasa da hasumiya.Yana amfani da karfin tsagawar wedge

don kulle igiyar karfe a cikin matsi.

(2) Haɗin kayan aiki: ana amfani da kayan haɗin haɗin don haɗa igiyar insulator da hasumiya, igiyar waya da igiyar insulator, ƙasa ta sama.

igiyar waya da hasumiya.Kayan haɗin haɗin da aka fi amfani da shi ya haɗa da zoben rataye ball, farantin rataye kan kwanon, zoben rataye mai siffar U,

farantin rataye dama kusurwa, da dai sauransu.

(3) Abubuwan haɗin haɗi: ana amfani da su don haɗin haɗin kai, wayoyi na ƙasa da sama da masu tsalle na sandunan tashin hankali da hasumiya.An kammala

kayan haɗin haɗin gwiwa sun haɗa da: kayan haɗin haɗin matsa lamba, kayan haɗin haɗin hydraulic, kayan haɗin haɗin bolt, matsa lamba mai fashewa.

kayan haɗin haɗi.

(4) Kayan aiki na kariya: guduma mai hana girgiza, sandar sulke da waya mai datsewa da ake amfani da ita don kare madugu da waya ta sama daga girgiza;

Spacer da aka yi amfani da shi don murkushe girgizawar ƙasa;Zoben garkuwa da zoben daraja da ake amfani da su don kare igiyar insulator daga corona.

(5) Hardware don waya ta zauna: hardware don daidaitawa da daidaita wayan hasumiya sun haɗa da: madaidaicin nau'in UT;Matse waya na ƙarfe, da ninki biyu

farantin haɗin waya, da dai sauransu.

5. Hasumiya:

Ana amfani da hasumiya don tallafawa masu sarrafa layin sama da wayoyi na ƙasa, da kuma tabbatar da cewa akwai isasshen tazara tsakanin aminci.

conductors da conductors, tsakanin conductors da saman ƙasa wayoyi, tsakanin conductors da hasumiya, da kuma tsakanin conductors da

ƙasa da ketare abubuwa.

6. Foundation:

Ana amfani da harsashin galibi don daidaita hasumiyar kuma yana iya ɗaukar ƙarfin ɗagawa, saukar da ƙarfi da jujjuya lokacin da aka haifar da lodi daban-daban.

na hasumiya, madugu da kuma saman ƙasa waya.

Za a yi amfani da harsashin ƙirƙira da aka riga aka ƙirƙira don sanduna da wayoyi na tsayawa.Ya kamata a yi gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren da aka ƙera a wuri ko tushe na kankare

a yi amfani da hasumiya ta ƙarfe.Idan za ta yiwu, za a fi son ginshiƙan da ba su da matsala.Ciki har da: kafuwar dutsen, da injina faɗaɗa tari,

yanke (rabin yanke) tushe, fashewar faɗaɗɗen tari da tushe mai gundura.

7. Na'urar shimfidawa:

An haɗa shi da ƙasa mai saukar da ƙasa mai haɗa waya ta sama da ƙasa (pole) da aka binne a cikin hasumiya.

Babban aikin na'urar da ke ƙasa shine saurin yaɗuwa da fitar da walƙiyar walƙiya a cikin ƙasa, ta yadda za a iya kiyaye wani walƙiya.

jure matakin layin.Ƙananan juriya na ƙasa na hasumiya, mafi girman matakin jurewar walƙiya.

二、 Kalmomin isar da wutar lantarki

1. Taƙaitawa: madaidaiciyar tazara a kwance tsakanin hasumiya biyu na kusa, da ake kira span, gabaɗaya ana bayyana shi a cikin L.

2. Sag: don layukan da aka kafa a kwance, nisa na tsaye tsakanin layin haɗin kwance a tsakanin wuraren dakatarwa guda biyu na kusa.

madugu kuma mafi ƙasƙanci na madubin ana kiran sag ko sag.An bayyana ta f.

3. Iyakar nisa: mafi ƙarancin nisa tsakanin mai gudanarwa da ƙasa ko wuraren ketare.Mafi ƙarancin nisa da aka yarda daga

mafi ƙasƙanci na layin jagora gabaɗaya zuwa ƙasa, yawanci ana bayyana shi a cikin h.

4. Tsayi a kwance: rabin jimlar tazarar biyu maƙwabta ana kiran sa a kwance, wanda aka fi bayyana shi azaman.

5. Tsayin tsaye: nisa a kwance tsakanin mafi ƙasƙancin wuraren mai gudanarwa tsakanin tazara guda biyu da ke kusa, wanda ake kira tazarar tsaye da

yawanci ana bayyanawa.

6. Matsakaicin wakilci: a cikin sashin tashin hankali, sau da yawa ana samun tazara da yawa sai dai na arc tsaye.Saboda abubuwa daban-daban na ƙasa da ƙasa

Ketare da madugun, girman kowane tazara bai daidaita ba, tsayin wurin dakatarwa na madugu shima ya bambanta, da damuwa

madugu a kowane tazara shima daban ne.Duk da haka, damuwa da sag na madugu suna da alaƙa da tazara.Lokacin da tazara ya canza, da

damuwa da sag na madugu suma suna canzawa.Idan an ƙididdige kowane tazara ɗaya bayan ɗaya, ƙididdige injin madubin zai yi wahala.Duk da haka,

masu gudanarwa na lokaci guda a cikin sashin tashin hankali suna ƙarfafa tare yayin ginin.Saboda haka, a kwance tashin hankali na madugu ne

daidai a cikin duka sashin tashin hankali, wato, damuwa mai gudanarwa a mafi ƙasƙanci na sag na kowane tazara daidai yake.Muna maye gurbin tashin hankali da yawa

sashe mai kwatankwacin tazarar hasashen.Wannan tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda zai iya bayyana duk ka'idodin injina na tashin hankali ana kiransa span wakilci ko

na yau da kullun, kuma LO ne ke wakilta.

7. Hasumiyar Hasumiya: nisa a tsaye daga mafi girman matsayi na hasumiya zuwa ƙasa, wanda ake kira tsayin hasumiya.An nuna shi ta H1.

8. Hasumiyar tsayin ƙima: nisa a tsaye daga mafi ƙasƙanci giciye hannun hasumiya zuwa ƙasa ana kiransa tsayin ƙima, wanda ake magana.

zuwa matsayin tsayin ƙima kuma an bayyana shi a cikin H2.

9. Tsawon lokacin dakatarwa: nisa na tsaye daga wurin dakatarwar mai gudanarwa zuwa ƙasa, wanda ake kira tsayin dakatarwa.

batu na madugu kuma H3 ke wakilta.

10. Layi zuwa nisan layi: nisa a kwance tsakanin matakai biyu na masu gudanarwa, wanda ake kira layi zuwa layi, wanda aka bayyana a cikin D.

11. Tushen buɗewa: nisa a kwance tsakanin tushen ko ƙafafu na hasumiya na sandunan lantarki guda biyu, wanda ake kira tushen buɗewa.An wakilta ta A.

.

layin tsaye na waya na ƙasa ana kiransa kusurwar kariya ta sama da ƙasa.An bayyana a ciki.

13. Zurfin kabari da hasumiya: Zurfin igiyar wutar lantarki (tushen hasumiya) da aka binne a cikin ƙasa ana kiranta zurfin sandar da hasumiya.Yana da

bayyana a h0.

14. Jumper: gubar da ke haɗa masu gudanarwa a bangarorin biyu na hasumiya mai ɗaukar nauyi (tashin hankali, kusurwa da tasha) ana kiranta jumper, kuma.

ake kira magudanar waya ko baka.

15. Na farko elongation na madugu: nakasawa na dindindin (miƙewa tare da axis na madugu) wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali na farko na mai gudanarwa.

ana kiran farko elongation na madugu.

16. Mai daɗaɗɗen jagora: mai gudanarwa na lokaci ɗaya yana kunshe da wayoyi masu yawa (2, 3, 4), wanda ake kira bundled conductor.Yayi daidai da kauri

"daidai diamita" na madugu, inganta ƙarfin filin lantarki kusa da madubi, rage asarar corona, rage tsangwama na rediyo,

da kuma inganta karfin watsa layin sadarwa.

17. Transposition mai gudanarwa: tsarin gudanarwa na layin watsa wutar lantarki, sai dai tsarin triangle na yau da kullum, nisa.

tsakanin madugu uku ba daidai ba ne.Reactance na madugu ya dogara da nisa tsakanin layi da radius na jagoran.

Don haka, idan ba a jujjuya mai gudanarwa ba, rashin daidaituwa na matakai uku ba shi da daidaituwa.Yayin da layin ya fi tsayi, mafi girman rashin daidaituwa.

Sakamakon haka, za a samar da wutar lantarki mara daidaito da na yanzu, wanda zai yi illa ga aikin janareta da sadarwa ta rediyo.

Ƙayyadaddun ƙirar layin watsa wutar lantarki ya ƙayyade cewa "a cikin hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki tare da tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin kai tsaye, watsa wutar lantarki

layin da tsayin daka sama da 100km za a canza shi”.Gabaɗaya ana yin jujjuyawar madugu a hasumiya mai jujjuyawa.

18. Conductor (ƙasa) vibration line: a cikin layi span, a lokacin da sama Lines aka hõre da iska perpendicular zuwa layin shugabanci, barga.

vortex tare da wasu mitoci masu jujjuyawa sama da ƙasa za su kasance a gefen lebe na layin sama.Ƙarƙashin tasirin hawan vortex

Bangaren, layukan saman za su haifar da girgiza lokaci-lokaci a cikin jirginsu na tsaye, wanda ake kira jijjiga layin sama.