Wannan fasahar ajiyar makamashi ta sami lambar yabo mafi kyawun Innovation na EU na 2022, sau 40 mai rahusa fiye da batirin lithium-ion

Ajiye makamashi na thermal ta amfani da silicon da ferrosilicon kamar yadda matsakaici zai iya adana makamashi a farashin ƙasa da Yuro 4 a kowace kilowatt-hour, wanda shine sau 100.

mai rahusa fiye da kafaffen baturin lithium-ion na yanzu.Bayan ƙara ganga da rufin rufi, jimillar farashi na iya zama kusan Yuro 10 a kowace kilowatt-hour,

wanda ya fi arha fiye da batirin lithium na Yuro 400 a kowace kilowatt-hour.

Haɓaka makamashi mai sabuntawa, gina sabbin tsarin wutar lantarki da tallafawa ajiyar makamashi sune shingen da dole ne a shawo kan su.

Halin da ba a cikin akwatin lantarki da kuma rashin daidaituwa na samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa kamar wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki na samar da wadata da buƙata.

na wutar lantarki a wasu lokuta ba su dace ba.A halin yanzu, ana iya daidaita irin wannan ka'ida ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki da iskar gas ko makamashin ruwa don samun kwanciyar hankali

da sassaucin iko.Amma a nan gaba, tare da janyewar makamashin burbushin halittu da karuwar makamashi mai sabuntawa, arha da ingantaccen ajiyar makamashi.

daidaitawa shine mabuɗin.

Fasahar ajiyar makamashi ta kasu kashi uku zuwa ajiyar makamashi ta jiki, ajiyar makamashin lantarki, ajiyar makamashin zafi da ajiyar makamashin sinadarai.

Kamar ma'ajiyar makamashin inji da ma'ajiyar famfo na cikin fasahar ajiyar makamashi ta zahiri.Wannan hanyar ajiyar makamashi yana da ƙarancin farashi kuma

babban aikin jujjuyawa, amma aikin yana da girman gaske, yana iyakancewa ta wurin yanki, kuma lokacin ginin yana da tsayi sosai.Yana da wahala

daidaita ga kololuwar buƙatun wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa kawai ta wurin ajiyar famfo.

A halin yanzu, ajiyar makamashin lantarki ya shahara, kuma ita ce sabuwar fasahar adana makamashi mafi sauri a duniya.Electrochemical makamashi

ajiya ya dogara ne akan baturan lithium-ion.A karshen shekarar 2021, yawan shigar da sabbin makamashin makamashi a duniya ya zarce miliyan 25.

kilowatts, wanda rabon kasuwar batirin lithium-ion ya kai kashi 90%.Wannan ya faru ne saboda haɓakar manyan motocin lantarki, waɗanda ke ba da a

babban yanayin aikace-aikacen kasuwanci don ajiyar makamashin lantarki dangane da baturan lithium-ion.

Koyaya, fasahar adana makamashin batirin lithium-ion, a matsayin nau'in batirin mota, ba babbar matsala ba ce, amma za a sami matsaloli da yawa idan ana maganar.

goyon bayan grid-matakin ajiyar makamashi na dogon lokaci.Ɗaya shine matsalar aminci da tsada.Idan batirin lithium ion aka jeri akan babban sikeli, farashin zai ninka,

kuma aminci da tarin zafin rana ke haifarwa shima babban haɗari ne na ɓoye.Wani kuma shi ne albarkatun lithium suna da iyaka, kuma motocin lantarki ba su isa ba.

kuma ba za a iya biyan buƙatun ajiyar makamashi na dogon lokaci ba.

Yadda za a magance waɗannan matsalolin gaske da gaggawa?Yanzu yawancin masana kimiyya sun mayar da hankali kan fasahar adana makamashin thermal.An sami ci gaba a ciki

fasaha da bincike masu dacewa.

A cikin Nuwamba 2022, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta sanar da aikin lashe kyautar "EU 2022 Innovation Radar Award", wanda "AMADEUS" a ciki.

Aikin batir da ƙungiyar Cibiyar Fasaha ta Madrid a Spain ta ƙera ta lashe lambar yabo ta EU mafi kyawun Innovation a 2022.

"Amadeus" samfurin baturi ne na juyin juya hali.Wannan aikin, wanda ke da nufin adana dimbin makamashi daga makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa, Turawa ne suka zaba

Hukumar a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun ƙirƙira a cikin 2022.

Irin wannan baturi da ƙungiyar masana kimiyyar Spain ta kera na adana yawan kuzarin da ake samu lokacin da hasken rana ko iska ya yi yawa a cikin nau'in makamashin zafi.

Ana amfani da wannan zafi don dumama wani abu (ana nazarin alloy na siliki a cikin wannan aikin) zuwa fiye da digiri 1000 na Celsius.Tsarin ya ƙunshi akwati na musamman tare da

thermal photovoltaic farantin yana fuskantar ciki, wanda zai iya saki wani ɓangare na makamashin da aka adana lokacin da bukatar wutar lantarki ta yi yawa.

Masu binciken sun yi amfani da kwatanci don bayyana tsarin: “Kamar sanya rana cikin akwati ne.”Shirin nasu na iya yin juyin juya halin ajiyar makamashi.Yana da babban damar zuwa

cimma wannan buri kuma ya zama muhimmin abu wajen magance sauyin yanayi, wanda ya sa aikin "Amadeus" ya yi fice daga ayyukan fiye da 300 da aka gabatar.

kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta EU Best Innovation Award.

Wanda ya shirya lambar yabo ta Radar Innovation ta EU ya bayyana cewa: "Mahimmin batu shi ne cewa yana ba da tsari mai arha wanda zai iya adana adadin kuzari mai yawa don

kwana biyu.Yana da babban ƙarfin kuzari, babban inganci gabaɗaya, kuma yana amfani da isassun kayan da ba su da tsada.Tsarin tsari ne, ana amfani da shi sosai, kuma yana iya samarwa

tsaftataccen zafi da wutar lantarki bisa bukata.”

Don haka, ta yaya wannan fasaha ke aiki?Menene yanayin aikace-aikacen nan gaba da kuma hasashen kasuwanci?

A takaice dai, wannan tsarin yana amfani da karfin da ya wuce gona da iri da ake samu ta hanyar sabunta makamashin lokaci-lokaci (kamar makamashin hasken rana ko makamashin iska) don narkar da karafa masu arha,

irin su silicon ko ferrosilicon, kuma zafin jiki ya fi 1000 ℃.Silicon alloy na iya adana adadin kuzari mai yawa a cikin tsarin haɗin sa.

Ana kiran irin wannan nau'in makamashin "latent heat".Misali, lita na silicon (kimanin kilogiram 2.5) yana adana sama da awa 1 kilowatt (1 kilowatt-hour) na makamashi a cikin tsari.

na latent zafi, wanda shine ainihin makamashin da ke cikin lita na hydrogen a matsa lamba 500.Koyaya, ba kamar hydrogen ba, ana iya adana silicon a ƙarƙashin yanayi

matsa lamba, wanda ke sa tsarin ya fi rahusa da aminci.

Makullin tsarin shine yadda ake canza zafin da aka adana zuwa makamashin lantarki.Lokacin da silicon ya narke a zafin jiki fiye da 1000 º C, yana haskakawa kamar rana.

Saboda haka, ana iya amfani da ƙwayoyin photovoltaic don canza zafi mai haske zuwa makamashin lantarki.

Abin da ake kira thermal photovoltaic janareta yana kama da ƙaramin na'urar hoto, wanda zai iya samar da makamashi sau 100 fiye da na gargajiya na hasken rana.

A takaice dai, idan murabba'in murabba'in mita na hasken rana yana samar da watts 200, murabba'in murabba'in murabba'in ɗigon hoto na thermal zai samar da kilowatts 20.Kuma ba kawai

da iko, amma kuma juyi yadda ya dace ya fi girma.Ingancin sel na thermal photovoltaic yana tsakanin 30% da 40%, wanda ya dogara da zafin jiki.

na tushen zafi.Sabanin haka, ingantattun kamfanonin hasken rana na hotovoltaic na kasuwanci tsakanin 15% da 20%.

Yin amfani da janareta na photovoltaic na thermal maimakon injunan zafin jiki na gargajiya yana guje wa amfani da sassa masu motsi, ruwa da hadaddun masu musayar zafi.Ta wannan hanyar.

dukan tsarin zai iya zama mai tattalin arziki, m da kuma m.

Bisa ga binciken, latent thermal photovoltaic Kwayoyin iya adana wani babban adadin saura ikon sabunta.

Alejandro Data, wani mai bincike da ya jagoranci aikin, ya ce: “Za a samar da kaso mai yawa na wutar lantarki idan aka samu rarar wutar lantarki da iska da iska.

don haka za a sayar da shi a kan farashi mai rahusa a kasuwar wutar lantarki.Yana da matukar mahimmanci a adana waɗannan rarar wutar lantarki a cikin tsari mai arha.Yana da matukar ma'ana ga

adana rarar wutar lantarki ta hanyar zafi, domin yana daya daga cikin mafi arha hanyoyin adana makamashi.”

2. Yana da arha sau 40 fiye da batirin lithium-ion

Musamman silicon da ferrosilicon na iya adana makamashi a farashin ƙasa da Yuro 4 a kowace kilowatt-hour, wanda shine sau 100 mai rahusa fiye da ƙayyadaddun lithium-ion na yanzu.

baturi.Bayan ƙara akwati da rufin rufi, jimlar farashin zai zama mafi girma.Koyaya, bisa ga binciken, idan tsarin yana da girma sosai, yawanci ƙari

fiye da sa'o'i megawatt 10, tabbas zai kai farashin kusan Yuro 10 a kowace sa'a kilowatt, saboda farashin kayan aikin thermal zai zama ɗan ƙaramin sashi na jimlar.

kudin tsarin.Koyaya, farashin batirin lithium ya kai kusan Yuro 400 a kowace kilowatt-hour.

Matsala ɗaya da wannan tsarin ke fuskanta ita ce, ɗan ƙaramin ɓangaren zafin da aka adana ne kawai ake mayar da shi zuwa wutar lantarki.Menene ingancin juzu'i a cikin wannan tsari?Yadda za a

amfani da ragowar makamashin zafi shine babbar matsalar.

Duk da haka, masu binciken ƙungiyar sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan ba matsala ba ne.Idan tsarin yana da arha isa, kawai 30-40% na makamashi yana buƙatar dawo da shi a cikin nau'in

wutar lantarki, wanda zai sa su zarce sauran fasahohin da suka fi tsada, kamar batirin lithium-ion.

Bugu da ƙari, sauran 60-70% na zafin da ba a canza shi zuwa wutar lantarki ba za a iya tura shi kai tsaye zuwa gine-gine, masana'antu ko birane don rage gawayi da na halitta.

amfani da gas.

Zafin ya kai sama da kashi 50% na buƙatun makamashi na duniya da kashi 40% na hayaƙin carbon dioxide na duniya.Ta wannan hanyar, adana iska ko makamashin photovoltaic a cikin latent

thermal photovoltaic Kwayoyin ba zai iya kawai ajiye mai yawa halin kaka, amma kuma saduwa da babban zafi bukatar kasuwa ta hanyar sabunta albarkatun.

3. Kalubale da makomar gaba

Sabuwar fasahar adana zafin zafi na photovoltaic thermal wanda ƙungiyar Jami'ar Fasaha ta Madrid ta tsara, wanda ke amfani da kayan siliki, yana da

abũbuwan amfãni a cikin farashin kayan, zafin jiki na zafin jiki da lokacin ajiyar makamashi.Silicon shine kashi na biyu mafi yawa a cikin ɓawon ƙasa.Farashin

kowace ton na yashi silica yana da dala 30-50 kawai, wanda shine 1/10 na narkakken kayan gishiri.Bugu da kari, thermal ajiya bambancin zafin jiki na silica yashi

Barbashi ya fi na narkakkar gishiri da yawa, kuma matsakaicin zafin aiki zai iya kaiwa sama da 1000 ℃.Mafi girman zafin aiki kuma

yana taimakawa wajen inganta ingantaccen makamashi na tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photothermal.

Ƙungiyar Datus ba ita kaɗai ce ke ganin yuwuwar sel na hotovoltaic na thermal ba.Suna da abokan hamayya biyu masu ƙarfi: babbar Cibiyar Massachusetts ta

Fasaha da California farawa Antola Energy.Ƙarshen yana mai da hankali kan bincike da haɓaka manyan batura da ake amfani da su a masana'antu masu nauyi (babban

mai amfani da mai), kuma ya sami dalar Amurka miliyan 50 don kammala binciken a watan Fabrairun wannan shekara.Bill Gates' Breakthrough Energy Fund ya samar da wasu

kudaden zuba jari.

Masu bincike a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts sun ce samfurin su na thermal photovoltaic cell ya sami damar sake amfani da kashi 40% na makamashin da ake amfani da shi don zafi.

kayan ciki na baturin samfur.Sun bayyana cewa: "Wannan yana haifar da hanya don mafi girman inganci da rage farashi na ajiyar makamashi na thermal,

yana ba da damar decarbonize grid ɗin wutar lantarki."

Aikin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Madrid bai iya auna yawan adadin kuzarin da zai iya farfadowa ba, amma ya fi samfurin Amurka.

ta fuska daya.Alejandro Data, mai binciken da ya jagoranci aikin, ya bayyana cewa: "Domin a cimma wannan aiki, dole ne aikin MIT ya tada zafin jiki zuwa

2400 digiri.Baturin mu yana aiki a digiri 1200.A wannan zafin jiki, yadda ya dace zai zama ƙasa da nasu, amma muna da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin zafi.

Bayan haka, yana da matukar wahala a adana kayan a digiri 2400 ba tare da haifar da asarar zafi ba."

Tabbas, wannan fasaha har yanzu tana buƙatar saka hannun jari sosai kafin shiga kasuwa.Nau'in dakin gwaje-gwaje na yanzu yana da ƙasa da 1 kWh na ajiyar makamashi

iya aiki, amma don sanya wannan fasaha ta sami riba, tana buƙatar fiye da MWh 10 na ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi.Saboda haka, kalubale na gaba shine fadada sikelin

fasaha da gwada yiwuwarsa a kan babban sikelin.Don cimma wannan, masu bincike daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Madrid sun gina ƙungiyoyi

domin ya yiwu.