Menene ƙayyadaddun bayanai da buƙatun donlantarki grounding?
Hanyoyin kariya don daidaita tsarin lantarki sun haɗa da: ƙasa mai kariya, haɗin tsaka-tsakin kariya, maimaita ƙasa,
aiki grounding, da dai sauransu. Kyakkyawan haɗin lantarki tsakanin wani ɓangare na kayan lantarki da ƙasa ana kiransa grounding.Karfe
madugu ko karfe ƙungiyar da ke tuntuɓar ƙasa kai tsaye ana kiran jikin ƙasa: madubin karfe yana haɗa ƙasa.
grounding wani ɓangare na kayan lantarki zuwa jikin ƙasa ana kiran waya grounding;The grounding jiki da grounding waya ne
tare da ake kira grounding na'urorin.
Tsarin ƙasa da nau'in
(1) Ƙarƙashin kariya na walƙiya: ƙasa don manufar shigar da walƙiya cikin sauri a cikin ƙasa da hana lalacewar walƙiya.
Idan na'urar kariya ta walƙiya ta raba grid na ƙasa gaba ɗaya tare da aikin ƙasa na kayan aikin telegraph, juriya na ƙasa.
zai cika mafi ƙarancin buƙatun.
(2) AC aiki grounding: karfe dangane tsakanin batu a cikin ikon tsarin da ƙasa kai tsaye ko ta musamman kayan aiki.Aiki
grounding yafi nufin grounding na transformer tsaka tsaki wuri ko tsaka tsaki line (N line).N waya dole ne ya zama jan ƙarfe core insulated waya.Akwai
su ne mataimakan equipotential tashoshi a cikin rarraba wutar lantarki, kuma tashoshi masu dacewa gabaɗaya suna cikin majalisar ministoci.Dole ne a lura da cewa
ba za a iya fallasa shingen tashar ba;Ba za a haɗe shi da sauran tsarin ƙasa ba, kamar su ƙasan DC, ƙasan garkuwa, anti-a tsaye
grounding, da dai sauransu;Ba za a iya haɗa shi da layin PE ba.
(3) Ƙaƙƙarfan kariyar kariyar ƙasa: Kariyar kariyar ƙasa ita ce yin haɗin ƙarfe mai kyau tsakanin ɓangaren ƙarfe mara caji na lantarki.
kayan aiki da kuma jikin ƙasa.Ana haɗa kayan lantarki a cikin ginin da wasu sassan ƙarfe kusa da kayan aikin
Layukan PE, amma an haramta shi sosai don haɗa layin PE tare da layin N.
(4) DC grounding: Domin tabbatar da daidaito da kwanciyar hankali na kowane lantarki kayan aiki, dole ne a samar da wani tsayayye damar tunani a Bugu da kari.
zuwa ingantaccen wutar lantarki.Za a iya amfani da waya mai mahimmanci na jan ƙarfe tare da babban yanki a matsayin jagorar, wanda ƙarshensa ya haɗa kai tsaye tare da
yuwuwar tunani, kuma ɗayan ƙarshen ana amfani da shi don saukar da DC na kayan lantarki.
(5) Anti static grounding: dasa ƙasa don hana tsangwama na wutar lantarki da aka samar a bushewar yanayin ɗakin kwamfuta a cikin ɗakin.
gini na hankali zuwa kayan lantarki ana kiransa ƙasa mai ƙarfi.
(6) Garkuwar ƙasa: don hana tsangwama na lantarki na waje, wayar garkuwa ko bututun ƙarfe ciki da wajen lantarki.
shingen kayan aiki da kayan aikin suna ƙasa, wanda ake kira karewa ƙasa.
(7) Tsarin ƙasa na wutar lantarki: a cikin kayan lantarki, don hana tsangwama na mitoci daban-daban daga mamayewa ta wutar AC da DC
layukan da ke shafar aikin ƙananan sigina, an shigar da masu tace AC da DC.The grounding na tacewa ake kira ikon grounding.
Ayyukan ƙaddamarwa sun kasu kashi na ƙasa mai kariya, aikin ƙasa da ƙasa na anti-a tsaye
(1) Ƙarfe, siminti, sanduna, da dai sauransu na kayan lantarki na iya zama da wutar lantarki saboda lalacewar rufin.Domin hana wannan lamarin daga
yana jefa lafiyar mutum cikin haɗari da guje wa haɗarin girgizar lantarki, an haɗa bawoyin ƙarfe na kayan lantarki tare da na'urar ƙasa
don kare ƙasa.Lokacin da jikin ɗan adam ya taɓa na'urorin lantarki tare da wutar lantarki harsashi, juriyar lamba na ƙasa
Jikin ya yi ƙasa da juriyar juriyar jikin ɗan adam, galibin abubuwan da ke shigowa cikin ƙasa suna shiga ƙasa ta ƙasan ƙasa, kuma kaɗan ne kawai ke gudana ta cikin ƙasa.
jikin mutum, wanda ba zai jefa rayuwar mutum cikin hadari ba.
(2) Ƙarƙashin ƙasa da aka gudanar don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na kayan lantarki a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada da haɗari ana kiransa aiki
kasa kasa.Misali, shimfidar ƙasa kai tsaye da ƙasa kai tsaye na tsaka tsaki gami da maimaita ƙasan layin sifili da walƙiya.
kariyar grounding duk aiki grounding.Domin shigar da walƙiya a cikin ƙasa, haɗa tashar ƙasa ta walƙiya
kayan kariya (sandan walƙiya, da dai sauransu) zuwa ƙasa don kawar da cutar da ƙarfin walƙiya ga kayan lantarki, kayan sirri,
kuma aka sani da overvoltage kariya grounding.
(3) Tushen man fetur, tankunan ajiyar iskar gas, bututun mai, kayan lantarki, da dai sauransu ana kiran su anti-static grounding don hana tasirin.
na electrostatic hazara.
Abubuwan buƙatu don shigar da na'urar ƙasa
(1) The grounding waya ne kullum 40mm × 4mm galvanized lebur karfe.
(2) The grounding jiki zai zama galvanized karfe bututu ko kusurwa karfe.Diamita na bututun karfe shine 50mm, kaurin bangon bututu bai ragu ba
fiye da 3.5mm, kuma tsawon shine 2-3 m.50mm don kwana karfe × 50mm × 5 mm.
(3) saman jikin ƙasa yana nesa da ƙasa 0.5 ~ 0.8m don guje wa narke ƙasa.Yawan bututun ƙarfe ko ƙarfe na kusurwa ya dogara
A kan ƙasa resistivity a kusa da grounding jiki, kullum ba kasa da biyu, da kuma tazara tsakanin kowane ne 3 ~ 5m.
(4) Nisa tsakanin ginin ƙasa da ginin zai zama fiye da 1.5m, da nisa tsakanin jikin ƙasa da ginin.
Mai zaman kansa sandar walƙiya grounding jiki zai zama fiye da 3m.
(5) Za a yi amfani da waldawar cinya don haɗewar waya ta ƙasa da gangar jikin.
Hanyoyi don rage juriya na ƙasa
(1) Kafin shigar da na'urar da ke ƙasa, za a fahimci tsayayyar ƙasa a kusa da jikin ƙasa.Idan yayi tsayi da yawa.
za a ɗauki matakan da suka dace don tabbatar da cewa ƙimar juriyar ƙasa ta cancanta.
(2) Canja tsarin ƙasa a kusa da jikin ƙasa a cikin 2 ~ 3m na ƙasa a kusa da jikin ƙasa, kuma ƙara abubuwa waɗanda suke.
wanda ba zai iya shiga ruwa ba kuma yana da kyau shayar ruwa, kamar gawayi, coke cinder ko slag.Wannan hanya na iya rage juriya na ƙasa zuwa
asali 15-110.
(3) Yi amfani da gishiri da gawayi don rage juriyar ƙasa.Yi amfani da gishiri da gawayi don murƙushe yadudduka.An gauraya gawayi da tarar a cikin wani Layer, game da
10 ~ 15cm lokacin farin ciki, sa'an nan kuma 2 ~ 3cm na gishiri an shirya shi, jimlar 5 ~ 8.Bayan yin shimfida, tuƙi cikin jikin ƙasa.Wannan hanya na iya ragewa
resistivity zuwa asali 13 ~ 15.Duk da haka, gishiri zai ɓace tare da ruwa mai gudu na tsawon lokaci, kuma ya zama dole a sake sake sake shi sau ɗaya
fiye da shekaru biyu.
(4) Ana iya rage juriyar ƙasa zuwa 40% ta hanyar amfani da mai rage juriya na dogon aiki.Juriya na ƙasa na kayan lantarki
za a gwada sau ɗaya kowace shekara a cikin bazara da kaka lokacin da aka sami ƙarancin ruwan sama don tabbatar da cewa ƙasa ta cancanta.Gabaɗaya, na musamman
Ana amfani da kayan aiki (irin su ZC-8 gwajin juriya na ƙasa) don gwaji, kuma ana iya amfani da hanyar ammeter voltmeter don gwaji.
Abubuwan da ke cikin binciken ƙasa sun haɗa da
(1) Ko bolts ɗin da aka haɗa sun sako-sako ne ko kuma sun yi tsatsa.
(2) Ko lalatawar waya da ƙasa da ƙasa ta lalace.
(3) Ko wayar da ke ƙasa ta lalace, ta karye, ta lalace, da sauransu. Layin wutar lantarki na layin da ke shigowa sama, gami da tsaka tsaki.
layi, zai kasance yana da sashe na ƙasa da 16 mm2 don wayar aluminium kuma ba ƙasa da 10 mm2 don wayar tagulla ba.
(4) Don gano nau'ikan amfani daban-daban na masu gudanarwa daban-daban, layin lokaci, layin sifilin aiki da layin kariya za a bambanta a cikin
launuka daban-daban don hana haɗin layin lokaci tare da layin sifili ko layin sifilin aiki daga haɗuwa da sifilin kariya.
layi.Domin tabbatar da daidaitaccen haɗin ƙwanƙwasa daban-daban, za a yi amfani da yanayin rarraba wutar lantarki na waya guda uku-uku.
(5) Don iskar iska ta atomatik ko fuse na samar da wutar lantarki a ƙarshen mai amfani, za a shigar da kariyar zubar da ruwa guda ɗaya a ciki.Layukan masu amfani
wanda ya dade ba a gyara ba, tsufa ko ƙarar kaya, kuma sashin ba karami ba ne, ya kamata a canza shi da wuri-wuri.
don kawar da haɗari na wuta na lantarki da kuma samar da yanayi don aiki na yau da kullum na mai kare zubar da ruwa.
(6) A kowane hali, waya mai karewa da waya mai tsaka-tsaki na kayan aikin tsarin waya guda biyar a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki ba zai yiwu ba.
zama kasa da 1/2 na layin layi, da kuma waya mai ƙasa da waya tsaka tsaki na tsarin hasken wuta, ko abu uku waya biyar ko abu guda uku
tsarin waya, dole ne ya zama daidai da layin abu.
(7) An ba da izinin raba babban layin aikin ƙasa da ƙasa mai kariya, amma sashinsa ba zai zama ƙasa da rabin sashe ba.
na layin layi.
(8) Dole ne a haɗa ƙasan kowace na'urar lantarki zuwa babban layin ƙasa tare da keɓantaccen waya ta ƙasa.Ba a yarda a haɗa shi ba
na'urorin lantarki da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙasa a jere a cikin waya ta ƙasa ɗaya.
(9) Sashe na danda tagulla grounding waya na 380V rarraba akwatin, tabbatarwa ikon akwatin da hasken wutar lantarki akwatin dole ne> 4 mm.2, sashen
na danda aluminum waya za ta zama> 6 mm2, sashe na insulated jan karfe waya zai zama> 2.5 mm2, da kuma sashe na aluminium insulated waya zai zama> 4 mm.2.
(10) Nisa tsakanin igiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ya zama 250-300mm.
(11) Za a fentin ƙasa mai aiki a saman tare da ratsi rawaya da kore, za a fentin ƙasa mai kariya a saman tare da baƙar fata.
kuma za a fentin layin tsaka tsaki na kayan aiki tare da alamar shuɗi mai haske.
(12) Ba a yarda a yi amfani da kumfa na ƙarfe ko ragar bututun fata na maciji, rufin bututu da kumbun ƙarfe na USB a matsayin waya ta ƙasa.
(13) Lokacin da aka naɗe wayar ƙasa, za a yi amfani da waldar cinya don walda wayar ƙasa.Tsawon cinyar dole ne ya dace da buƙatun da ɗakin kwana
Karfe ya ninka fadinsa sau 2 (kuma akalla gefuna 3 ana waldasu), sannan karfen zagaye ya ninka diamita sau 6 (kuma ana bukatar walda mai fuska biyu).Lokacin da
An haɗa karfe mai zagaye tare da ƙarfe mai lebur, tsayin walda na cinya shine sau 6 na zagaye na karfe (kuma ana buƙatar walƙiya mai gefe biyu).
(14) Wayoyin Copper da aluminum dole ne a murƙushe su tare da gyara sukurori don haɗawa da sandar ƙasa, kuma kada a murƙushe su.Lokacin lebur jan karfe
Ana amfani da wayoyi masu sassauƙa a matsayin wayoyi na ƙasa, tsayin ya kamata ya dace, kuma za a haɗa ƙwanƙwasa ƙugiya tare da dunƙule ƙasa.
(15) Yayin aiki na kayan aiki, mai aiki zai duba cewa igiyar ƙasa na kayan lantarki yana da alaƙa da kyau tare da
grounding grid da lantarki kayan aiki, kuma babu wani karyewa da zai rage sashe na grounding waya, in ba haka ba za a yi a matsayin wani lahani.
(16) A lokacin yarda da kayan aiki na kayan aiki, ya zama dole don duba cewa igiyar ƙasa na kayan lantarki yana cikin yanayi mai kyau.
(17) Sashen Kayan aiki za su bincika ƙasa na kayan lantarki akai-akai, kuma su sanar da gyara a kan kari idan akwai matsala.
(18) Dole ne a kula da juriya na ƙasa na kayan lantarki bisa ga tanadi na sake zagayowar ko lokacin babba da ƙarami.
na kayan aiki.Idan an sami matsalolin, za a bincika musabbabin da kuma magance su cikin lokaci.
(19) Za a gudanar da ƙaddamar da kayan aikin lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki da juriya na ƙasa na grid na ƙasa ta Kayan Kayan aiki.
Sashen daidai da ka'idar Karɓawa da Gwajin Kariya na Kayan Lantarki, da ƙaddamar da ƙananan kayan wutan lantarki
za a gudanar da sashen da ke ƙarƙashin ikon kayan aiki.
(20) Gajeren da'ira mai shigowa na na'urar ƙaddamar da ƙasa yana ɗaukar matsakaicin matsakaicin ɓangaren matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin halin yanzu.
gudana cikin ƙasa ta na'urar ƙaddamarwa idan akwai gajeriyar da'ira na ciki da waje na na'urar ƙasa.Za a ƙayyade halin yanzu
bisa ga matsakaicin yanayin aiki na tsarin bayan shekaru 5 zuwa 10 na ci gaba, da kuma gajeriyar rarraba halin yanzu tsakanin
grounding tsaka tsaki maki a cikin tsarin da rabu grounding gajeren kewaye halin yanzu a cikin walƙiya madugu za a yi la'akari.
Dole ne a saukar da kayan aikin da ke gaba
(1) Na biyu na na'ura mai canzawa.
(2) Rukunin allunan rarrabawa da sassan sarrafawa.
(3) Rukunin motar.
(4) Harsashi na akwatin haɗin kebul da kushin ƙarfe na kebul.
(5) Tushen ƙarfe ko mahalli na sauyawa da na'urar watsa shi.
(6) Karfe tushe na high-voltage insulator da bushing.
(7) Bututun ƙarfe na cikin gida da waje.
(8) Mitar ƙasa ta ƙasa.
(9) Rukunin kayan wuta da lantarki.
(10) Ƙarfe na kayan aikin rarraba wutar lantarki na cikin gida da waje da shingen ƙarfe na sassa masu rai.
Abubuwan da suka dace don ƙasan mota
(1) Ya kamata a haɗa wayar ƙasan motar tare da grid ɗin ƙasa na duka shuka ta ƙarfe mai lebur.Idan yayi nisa daga babban ƙasa
layi ko lebur ɗin ƙarfe na ƙasa an shirya waya don yin tasiri ga kyawun muhalli, yakamata a yi amfani da jikin ƙasa na halitta gwargwadon yadda ya kamata.
yiwu, ko lebur tagulla waya kamata a yi amfani da grounding waya.
(2) Don injunan da ke da sukurori na ƙasa a kan harsashi, dole ne a haɗa waya ta ƙasa tare da dunƙule ƙasa.
(3) Domin Motors ba tare da grounding sukurori a kan harsashi, shi ake bukata don shigar grounding sukurori a dace matsayi a kan motor harsashi zuwa.
haɗi tare da wayar ƙasa.
(4) Harsashin motar tare da amintaccen haɗin lantarki tare da tushe mai tushe bazai iya zama ƙasa ba, kuma za a shirya waya ta ƙasa.
da kyau da kyau.
Abubuwan da suka dace don saukowar allon allo
(1) Ya kamata a haɗa waya ta ƙasa na allon rarrabawa tare da grid ɗin ƙasa na duka shuka ta ƙarfe mai faɗi.Idan yayi nisa
babban layin ƙasa ko shimfidar layin ƙarfe na ƙasa na ƙarfe yana shafar kyawun yanayin, yanayin ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance.
a yi amfani da shi gwargwadon iyawa, ko kuma a yi amfani da wayar tagulla mai laushi a matsayin waya ta ƙasa.
(2) Lokacin da aka yi amfani da danda na jan karfe a matsayin grounding waya na low-ƙarfin wuta switchboard, sashe ba zai zama kasa da 6mm2, da kuma lokacin da
Ana amfani da wariyar jan karfe da aka keɓe, sashin ba zai zama ƙasa da 4mm2 ba.
(3) Don allon rarraba tare da dunƙule ƙasa a kan harsashi, dole ne a haɗa waya ta ƙasa tare da dunƙule ƙasa.
(4) Don allon rarraba ba tare da dunƙule ƙasa a kan harsashi ba, ana buƙatar shigar da dunƙule ƙasa a daidai matsayi na
harsashi allon rarraba don haɗawa tare da layin lokaci na ƙasa.
(5) Harsashi na allon rarraba tare da amintaccen haɗin lantarki tare da jikin ƙasa na iya zama mara tushe.
Hanyar dubawa da aunawa na ƙasan waya
(1) Kafin gwajin, dole ne a kiyaye isasshen nisa na aminci daga kayan aikin da aka gwada don hana haɗuwa da haɗari tare da sassan rayuwa da juyawa,
kuma mutum biyu ne za su yi gwajin.
(2) Kafin gwajin, zaɓi na'urar juriya na multimeter, gajeriyar bincike guda biyu na multimeter, da juriyar juriya na calibration.
mita yana nuna 0.
(3) Haɗa ƙarshen binciken zuwa wayar ƙasa da ɗayan ƙarshen zuwa tasha ta musamman don ƙaddamar da kayan aiki.
(4) Lokacin da kayan aikin da aka gwada ba su da tashoshi na musamman na ƙasa, sauran ƙarshen binciken za a auna a kan shinge ko
bangaren karfe na kayan lantarki.
(5) Babban grid na ƙasa ko amintaccen haɗin gwiwa tare da babban grid na ƙasa dole ne a zaɓi shi azaman tashar ƙasa, kuma
Dole ne a cire oxide surface don tabbatar da kyakkyawar hulɗa.
(6) Za a karanta ƙimar bayan alamar mita ta tsaya tsayin daka, kuma ƙimar juriya ta ƙasa za ta bi ka'idodi.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-10-2022